26 August 2013

The Prosumer in Me

George Ritzer and Nathan Jurgenson (2010, p.14) describe prosumer as something that “involves both production and consumption”, therefore a merger between the two to create its own meaning: prosumer. They discuss capitalism within the digital age and how as a modern society we are shifting from a traditional capitalist ideal about producer and consumer and now into a modern prosumer.

Initially the thought of being a prosumer didn’t hold much value to me; what could I possibly produce that would classify me as it? But reading Ritzer and Jurgenson’s article they note that “the Web 2.0 is currently the most prevalent location of prosumption” (2010, p. 20). It then occurred to me that everything I do online, from this blog to Tumblr and even Facebook, are all consumed by the people that see it. All this due to the “recent social changes, especially those associated with the internet... [that] have given it greater centrality” (p.14).

What I found incredibly interesting within the reading was that the authors explain that “prosumers seem to enjoy, even love, what they are doing and are willing to devote long hours to it for no pay” (2010, p.22). This is an extremely significant shift from traditional capitalism where money is exchanged for services and goods. But interestingly enough, their observation rings true to me. I find that I enjoy updating my blogs. For one, I have a Tumblr blog that is strictly dedicated to my photography. I continue to gain followers, and because of globalisation, have followers from various countries. I’ve devoted a large amount of my time into it and receive no outside benefits beside the satisfaction that people are viewing my work. Though the internet is vast, and seemingly never ending with its possibilities, I find it rather pleasant to know I have some sort of power with the things that I generate.

Industrial production is a constant necessity. We consume everyday if we realise it or not. However, prosumption is integrating itself more and more into our everyday lives. Updated your Facebook today?



References:
Ritzer G, Jurgenson N 2010, 'Production, Consumption, Prosumption: The nature of capitalism in the age of the digital 'prosumer'', Journal of Consumer Culture, vol. 10 no. 1, pp. 13-36
Image: http://mymediastudies.wordpress.com/2013/04/17/prosumers-the-power-is-in-your-hand/

15 August 2013

Are You Copying Me?


So what exactly is the difference between plagiarism and copyright violation? Well to put it easily, the team at The Chinese University of Hong Kong have put it nicely in an easy-to-read table.
Essentially, they are quite different but very similar. In both cases, there has to be some recognition with the original author, but as the table shows, plagiarism deposits dishonesty – perhaps a person citing material and claiming as their own – whereas copyright “gives a copyright holder certain exclusive rights over the work, including, most famously, the exclusive right to copy the work” (Lessig 2006, p.171).

It’s becoming difficult to stumble upon something that is truly original anymore. A lot of people base their artistic merit or intellectual ideas off previous things that they have seen, read or even heard prior to completing their own work.  For example, “Igor Stravinsky once said, ‘a good composer does not imitate, he steals’” (McLeod 2007, p.75), and a case of that is Lily Allen’s “own success as a performing artist...due to her free distribution of copyright–infringing mix–tapes of other people’s music” (Martin, Moore & Salter 2010).

Now while it’s not necessarily stealing in every case, there are cases where it’s apparent.
Examples can include the following (that I have noticed):
Madonna - Hung Up (Official Music Video) by warnerbrosrecords
Madonna has used ABBA’s ‘Gimmie Gimmie Gimmie A Man After Midnight’ music for her own song:

ABBA Gimme Gimme Gimme Lyrics!! by ABBARecreation

You can note the same music at 28 seconds for Madonna, and at 17 seconds for ABBA's.

According to Wikipedia, Madonna “personally sought permission from ABBA songwriters Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus” (2013).  So in this case, there was no copyright violation because she got the authorization.

I have a case of my own.
A while ago I was trying out new things with my camera and I ended up taking two photos to produce this:


Which was influenced by my cousin's photo:




 
A friend of mine then told me she had seen something like this a little while after I put the picture up, so of course I Googled to see what came up and I was surprised there were quite a few with the same idea:



But is this a form of copyright violation? Who came up with the original concept? Is it possible that more than one person can think of the same idea and present it the same way? I hadn’t seen what I did prior to doing it, but it appears it's out there.

 References

ABBA Gimme Gimme Gimme Lyrics!! 2007, YouTube, ABBARecreation, 26 October, retrieved 15 August 2013, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6-M63HVR2g>

Madonna - Hung Up (Official Music Video) 2009, YouTube, Warnerbrosrecords, 26 October, retrieved 15 August 2013, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDwb9jOVRtU>

Mark Kember 2013, ‘See Through’, retrieved 15 August 2013, <http://www.flickr.com/photos/m78kem/>

Martin, B, Moore, C and Salter, C. 2010, ‘Sharing music files: tactics of a challenge to the industry’, First Monday, vol. 15, no. 12,[available http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2986/2680]

Maryanne_b, retrieved 15 August 2013, <http://www.flickr.com/photos/maryanne_b/page1/>

McLeod, K. 2007 Freedom of Expression®, the Book, Doubleday:  New York [available: http://www.freedomofexpression.us/documents/mcleod-freedomofexpression.pdf]

Lessig, L. 2006 Code v2.0, Basic Books: New York [available: http://www.codev2.cc/download+remix/Lessig-Codev2.pdf]

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005, ‘Honesty in Academic Work: A Guide For Students And Teachers’, retrieved 8 August 2013 <http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/p04.htm>

VBphotography 2011, ‘Experimental Photography', retrieved 15 August 2013, <http://vbphotography-experimentalphotography.blogspot.com.au/2011/02/experimenting-with-photoshop.html>

Wikipedia 2013, 'Hung Up', retrieved 15 August 2013, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hung_Up>

2 August 2013

Cinematic Bollywood

Globalisation and movies coincide especially for Western cinema. Globalisation is a difficult concept because it varies for many people, which is why there is controversy over it, but globalisation is part of a subjective process.
  

I enjoy movies from nearly all genres, however, majority of the movies I end up watching are very similar in terms of character development, protagonists and love-interests (though it doesn’t stop me swooning over a charming male lead).

That thought then struck me that Westernised movies practically follow the same storyline. Charming/arrogant lead made, damsel in distress or female character that doesn’t immediately succumb to lead males charm, hiccup within the movie, resolution, then a happily ever after.

This video sums it up perfectly.
Video: Academy Award Winning Movie Trailer By BriTANicKdotcom

But there is such a wider context of movies that show different cultures. Take Bollywood for example, globalised cultures to create it's own sub-culture.

Video: Bride & Prejudice dance scene - Naveen Andrews - HQ By: sweeney3269

Hachten and Scotton (2002) note that when “cultures receive outside influences, it is said, they ignore some and adopt others, and soon begin to transform them”. For example, Bollywood is a hybrid of Hollywood and Indian culture. It affiliates the two different cultures from either side from a globalisation process.

Bride and Prejudice, though westernised in some sense when it comes to actors, depicts a type of ‘modernity’, a certain set of attitudes towards the world of which the idea that the world is open for transformation, but is 'postmodern' in it's distribution because it's on an international scale.

The 'modernity' part includes the traditional cultural. Vibrant, traditional Indian dress codes, location, and singing in mother tongue at each other - of which can be seen as a 'transformation' because Hollywood is notorious for musicals. 

Bollywood is a direct adaptation from Hollywood, and that hegemony is there as Steven’s (2003) comments that it is “achieved when the power of the dominant group in a society appears natural”. Bollywood is so big in India (and globally also), many natives want to live through it. It has become so natural to want to pursue it.

Nevertheless, I love watching different cultures being portrayed, because I’m so used to my own; it’s almost a breath of fresh air to view something extremely different.




References:

Hachten, WA, Scotton, JF 2002, ‘News communication for a new global system’, The world news prism: global media in an era of terrorism 2002, Iowa State Press, Ames, pp. 3-14

Steven, P 2003, ‘Political economy: the howling, brawling, global market place’, The no-nonsense guide to global media 2003, New Internationalist/Verso, Oxford, pp. 37-59

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAG9Xn5bJwQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoLtHqS_LhA